Thursday, July 16, 2015

A Call to Divorce, Part 2: Blessed are the poor in spirit

In my previous post, I made the claim that American values have become enmeshed within our Christian values and I called for a divorce.  Bold claims like this exist all over the Internet and daily in our conversations.  They are at least moderately outrageous and are essentially demands for an entire system to simply stop being this way.  The idealist in me desperately wants the system to stop being this way, and it wants it to happen fifty years ago so that it would have been in place by the time I was born and grew up in it.  But the pragmatist has his say as well, so I am willing to accept baby steps.  More importantly, I am willing to accept that I may be the only one making these steps (although I am confident that I am not) and will not insist that everyone follow me in the change.  A cultural shift, after all, can only be achieved by the individuals within the culture making changes in their own lives.  A systemic problem is primarily a reflection of the problems of the members within the system.  But the change, being good, is worthwhile even if it does not cause a change beyond the individuals who recognize its value.  So if you, too, would like to consider how you might spiritually separate from your national culture and enter more fully into your heavenly culture, following will be some meditations that might be helpful.

I considered several approaches to this topic.  After all, how does one define “Christian values”?  At first I considered the virtues and the fruit of the Spirit (particularly as described in the Catechism of the Catholic Church).  I considered the Ten Commandments, particularly as enlightened by Jesus in the Sermon on the Mount.  I think these approaches would be wonderful, and I would encourage everyone reading this to take serious time with all of those teachings.  But for my purposes here, I’ll be looking at the Beatitudes (Matt 5:3-12).

In meditating on these passages, it will be beneficial to remember what I referred to previously as “Middle Class Christianity”.  That is, Christianity that is satisfied with a lack of heavenly wealth as long as it isn’t absolutely poverty-stricken.  As we walk with Christ, it is good to strive to be more holy and not to settle for being less than holy.  This should not be a source of stress or despair when we fail to be perfectly holy; rather, perfect holiness should be a goal that we are constantly running toward.

It is worth noting that anything I might say here has probably been said better by someone else.  The only reason I would recommend continuing reading this is that you’re reading it right now and you might have to search to find another resource.  We all know how difficult it can be, in this busy world, to remember to find that book you were meaning to read.  I do also plan to focus primarily on how these statements differ from American culture and particularly American culture as I have seen it played out within churches.

And now that all of my caveats are out of the way, if you’re still reading, let’s begin:

Blessed are the poor in spirit, for theirs is the kingdom of heaven.

Right off the bat, we get the promise of the kingdom of heaven.  This is the ultimate prize, the thing for which we all long.  It is not just a home where we can find rest, it is a picture of glory.  The kingdom of heaven is where we are honored.  The image here doesn’t seem to be one simply of citizenship.  We don’t talk about a kingdom belonging to a citizen, but to a king.  So it seems here that the blessing Jesus promises is a throne.

If we compare this to the American ideal, it’s like being the President.  Isn’t that what we tell our children?  In this country, anyone at all could become the President of the United States.  There is no higher worldly aspiration than this.  Not only will you be bestowed with power and fame, but you will automatically win a place in history.

Comparing the presidency with an eternal throne in heaven, the American ideal begins to pale a bit.  My main point in dwelling on this is to keep us focused on the value of the promise.  Will we settle for the lesser and almost insignificant prize of power, fame, and history?  If to have the one means to sacrifice the other, then which will we choose?  Will we fall at the first hurdle and say that we can strive for both?  Some would say that it could be done, but I would say that both require a great deal of attention and would necessarily interfere with one another.  So let’s assume that we want to strive for the greater prize.  Who, then, is promised this blessing?

The poor in spirit.  What a strange phrase.  It isn’t simply “the poor.”  Most people are poor, and Jesus certainly isn’t saying that all of the poor will receive the kingdom of heaven.  Rather, it is the poor in spirit.  The best explanation I have heard of this was a story about the Virgin Mary.  Tradition says that when she died, she had (I believe) two sets of clothing.  Tradition also holds that she likely came from a wealthy family.  (Her parents, not her family with Joseph and Jesus.)  But when Jesus was born, we know that the offering brought for his dedication was the offering brought by the poor in Israel.  And we have in tradition the story that she did not keep any of her wealth, but used it to help the poor.  Having wealth, she did not live as though she were wealthy or as though the wealth belonged to her.  In her heart, she was poor.  This was how she lived.  It also wasn’t a simple detachment from wealth, in which she lived in the equivalent of a ten bedroom mansion but said that money didn’t define her.  It was a practical outworking of a life of poverty, even if she was not in fact poor.

Now to contrast this with the contrary American ideal:  The obvious one is “Blessed are the wealthy,” but it is equally obvious that this doesn’t work.  Wealthy contrasts with poor, but it does not directly contrast with poor in spirit.  What then?  I would suggest that the American value is Ambition.  And we are left with the American beatitude of Blessed are the ambitious, for they shall achieve the American Dream.

Ambition is the spirit of wealth, or of greed, where we constantly seek more money or power or fame or respect or any like things.  It is the striving to get ahead, either to be recognized for our merits and so be promoted or elected, or to get ahead at the expense of others, or to get ahead of where we currently are financially.  But to get ahead necessarily means that we will leave others behind us, which could just as well be characterized as below us.

The poor in spirit are ahead of no one.  They, as St. Paul said, consider others as greater than themselves.  As our Lord said, they become the servant of all.  They do not seek their own gain, and when they achieve gain, they do not see it as belonging to themselves.  Instead, what they gain is given to others and used for others.

Being so rooted in Capitalism, American Christianity is particularly adept at syncretizing ambition and poverty of spirit.  We do often hold the idea that as long as we are giving to the church and giving to charity and claim that money doesn’t own us, we can live in luxury.  Now, I know, you might not consider a small house and cable and a few things you do to treat yourself luxuries.  I’m not about to tell you what things in your life are luxuries.  And I’m not about to tell you to sell everything you own and give it to the poor and live in a religious community devoted to poverty like St. Francis did.  But it’s worth considering the example given us in the Virgin Mary of two sets of clothing. Given the financial obsession than underpins our whole culture, it might be particularly worth considering doing something financially radical, however that might look, as a testimony and a means of self-discipline if nothing else.

We also tend to see a lack of ambition as laziness.  A Christian who is not trying to get ahead is often considered not to be faithful.  The argument goes that if he would work harder, get a promotion, make more money, then he would be in a better position to help others and possibly make a positive difference in the world.  It makes a sort of sense, especially when you consider that the person being told to get ahead is also being told to maintain humility.  But this is being told to humbly work for personal exaltation.  The irony is more apparent when phrased this way.  The model taught us by Jesus is to be faithful with what we have, not to strive to acquire more even if the more could be used for good things.

Now a word on faithfulness.  Often I hear financial faithfulness described as using your money shrewdly, investing, having a solid retirement plan so that you’ll be taken care of when you’re old without being a burden on anyone else.  (The ambition to be self-sufficient.)  I’ll use a work analogy to address this: If I go into the office and spend eight hours a day writing and updating my blog, I will get fired.  My boss will call me in and lambast me for not doing my work.  I could then argue that I worked very hard and very faithfully for all the hours required of me and even put in overtime.  But I’ll still get fired, because I wasn’t doing the job I was supposed to be doing.  So we might be faithful in a sense, but if we are not being faithful in the way that God cares about (he cares about helping the poor, by the way, and that seems to be about his only interest in money) then we aren’t really being faithful to God.  Jesus also reminds us that God knows our needs and will take care of them.  He feeds the birds and clothes the lilies; aren’t we worth more than these?

I’ll quickly address the straw man forming in some minds:  Yes, Paul did insist that people work so that they would not become a burden on the charity of the church.  He was referring to people who were able to work but refused to work at all and instead had their needs or the needs of their families provided by others within the church who were working.  Paul taught “don’t be an idle leech” and not “work hard to get money and achieve self-sufficiency.”  The goal of work is not wealth; faithfulness is not financial security.

As I write this, I’m sitting in my house on a very comfortable chair on a computer connected to the Internet.  To my left is half a basket of laundry because I needed a few clean things, while the rest of my wardrobe (a few weeks worth, maybe?) is upstairs heaped on my floor.  I have good food in the refrigerator, I have a decent amount of money in the bank.  Some of my food is going to go bad before I get around to eating it.  I know that I do not live as if I were poor.  And am I ambitious?  I like to tell myself I’m not.  I don’t know.  Time will tell.


Lord, please grant me the grace to be poor in spirit. Forgive me for the ways in which I have set myself before others and sought to be above them.  Forgive me for putting my hope in money.  May I be faithful with what you have given me, but not seek to acquire more than my daily bread.  May I live as you lived, who did not exalt yourself but took on the likeness of a servant.  May I also imitate your mother, who was delighted to be poor despite the wealth she might have had.  Please show me the luxuries in my life, and help me to give up what I do not need or what is not good for me.  Help me to love the poor as you love the poor.  Amen.

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